Electricity is available on less than a quarter of Haiti's territory. This is an obstacle to economic and social development
The electricity market in Haiti comprises five isolated areas. Outside Port-au-Prince, these are powered by small generators. Electricity production in large cities is largely provided by independent producers, which enjoy a monopoly without competition.
In the early 1990s, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic and Haiti all decided to create national electricity networks. Jamaica and the Dominican Republic have succeeded, but Haiti has failed because of its political and economic crisis, weak support from donors, and the consequent lack of interest from international donors who prefer to finance weak electrification projects. importance, off-grid or micro-grid
Today, the most significant obstacles to the development of the electricity sector in Haiti are weak institutions, systems and poverty. Many people use electricity without paying, which severely affects EDH's revenues and makes it unable to finance infrastructure improvements.
Solutions
- National Transmission System
- Extension and improvement of the distribution network
The purpose of these two interventions is to supply electricity 24 hours a day to 50% of the population in 2030.
Summary table of the RAC
| Intervention | Advantages ( net present value) | Costs (net present value) | Benefit-cost ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| National transportation network | 891 billion gourdes ($ 12.9 billion) | 138 billion gourdes ( $ 2.0 billion) | 6 |
| Distribution Networks | 449 billion gourdes (6.5 billion dollars) | 45 billion gourdes (657 million dollars) | 10 [19659027] Benefits, Costs and RACsNetwork national transportA national transport network would connect Port-au-Prince, Jacmel, Jérémie, Gonaïves, Cap Haitien, Mole Saint Nicolas, Fort Liberté and the Péligre plant. It would require the construction of approximately 1079 km of high voltage power lines connecting the country's main cities, the extension of 12 substations throughout the country, and the construction of a control center for the National Energy. Costs The lines would be the most expensive item, with a cost of more than 69 billion gourdes ($ 1 billion). The overall investment for the construction of the network would be about 110 billion gourdes ($ 1.6 billion). With the ongoing costs of maintaining the transmission system, the total cost for the next three decades will reach 144 billion gourdes ($ 2 billion). Benefits This network would contribute to create the conditions for a competitive wholesale electricity market. It will reduce the cost of producing electricity. It will allow the integration of clean and renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind. It will reduce the cost of rural electrification, thanks to a high-voltage network throughout the country integrating isolated systems. It will help fight against poverty. It will also lower the high price that the Haitian economy pays when it can not currently provide electricity where it is needed. These benefits are expected to be worth about G $ 891 billion ($ 13 billion). Expansion and improvement of the distribution networkThe establishment of a distribution network consists of repairing 1920 km of lines low and medium voltage, build 1350 km of low and medium voltage lines, connect 750,000 new users with electronic meters that can be accessed remotely, and improve the billing system. Costs [19659007] Improving the billing system is the most expensive part of the investment since it represents about 6.9 billion gourdes ($ 100 million), which is about half of the overall cost of setting up which is 15.7 billion gourdes (228 million dollars). With operations, management and transportation losses, the total cost over the next thirty years amounts to 45 billion gourdes ($ 657 million). Benefits The Distribution Network will help to increase the rate of access to electricity from 25% to more than 50% of the population. It will reduce theft and the costs of generating electricity. It will help reduce the cost of outages and improve the living conditions of the population. And this will bring economic growth. These benefits for Haiti amount to about 829 billion gourdes ($ 12 billion). 
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